Quick initial exploration of main characteristics from the German skills matrices. The dataset used in this case is the ‘nace2.DTA’, a 3-digit occupation matrix.
Reading the data into a network object:
library(foreign)
library(igraph)
package ‘igraph’ was built under R version 3.5.2
Attaching package: ‘igraph’
The following objects are masked from ‘package:stats’:
decompose, spectrum
The following object is masked from ‘package:base’:
union
library(dplyr)
Attaching package: ‘dplyr’
The following objects are masked from ‘package:igraph’:
as_data_frame, groups, union
The following objects are masked from ‘package:stats’:
filter, lag
The following objects are masked from ‘package:base’:
intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
# read data
data_nace2 <- data.frame(read.dta("../../data/MR_04-17_EN_data_GermanySkillsMatrix/wz08.dta"))
# select edges where the flow is higher than random
data_nace2_df <- data_nace2[data_nace2$SRt>0,]
Top 20 flows:
library(knitr)
top_nace2_df <- data_nace2_df[order(-data_nace2_df$SRt),]
kable(top_nace2_df[top_nace2_df$SRt!=1,][1:20,])
| wz08_1 | wz08_2 | SRt | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22727 | Mining of chemical and fertiliser minerals | Extraction of salt | 0.9994 |
| 23919 | Extraction of salt | Mining of chemical and fertiliser minerals | 0.9993 |
| 94483 | Manufacture of plaster products for construction purposes | Manufacture of lime and plaster | 0.9981 |
| 247574 | Inland passenger water transport | Inland freight water transport | 0.9973 |
| 41794 | Manufacture of wine from grape | Growing of grapes | 0.9971 |
| 1862 | Growing of grapes | Manufacture of wine from grape | 0.9966 |
| 18027 | Mining of hard coal | Manufacture of coke oven products | 0.9966 |
| 352436 | Repair of watches, clocks and jewellery | Manufacture of watches and clocks | 0.9966 |
| 338466 | Operation of arts facilities | Performing arts | 0.9965 |
| 336678 | Performing arts | Operation of arts facilities | 0.9963 |
| 18551 | Mining of lignite | Support activities for other mining and quarrying | 0.9960 |
| 90296 | Manufacture of ceramic sanitary fixtures | Manufacture of ceramic tiles and flags | 0.9952 |
| 248170 | Inland freight water transport | Inland passenger water transport | 0.9952 |
| 352627 | Repair of watches, clocks and jewellery | Retail sale of watches and jewellery in specialised stores | 0.9951 |
| 246982 | Sea and coastal freight water transport | Service activities incidental to water transportation | 0.9948 |
| 167572 | Trade of gas through mains | Transport via pipeline | 0.9946 |
| 237003 | Retail sale of watches and jewellery in specialised stores | Repair of watches, clocks and jewellery | 0.9946 |
| 251154 | Service activities incidental to water transportation | Sea and coastal freight water transport | 0.9946 |
| 88508 | Manufacture of ceramic tiles and flags | Manufacture of ceramic sanitary fixtures | 0.9943 |
| 263720 | Motion picture, video and television programme production activities | Motion picture, video and television programme post-production activities | 0.9943 |
#build the graph
nace2_net <- graph_from_data_frame(top_nace2_df,directed = FALSE)
# network object
nace2_net
IGRAPH 985ff32 UN-- 597 27871 --
+ attr: name (v/c), SRt (e/n)
+ edges from 985ff32 (vertex names):
[1] Growing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops and oil seeds--Growing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops and oil seeds
[2] Growing of vegetables and melons, roots and tubers --Growing of vegetables and melons, roots and tubers
[3] Growing of other non-perennial crops --Growing of other non-perennial crops
[4] Growing of grapes --Growing of grapes
[5] Growing of pome fruits and stone fruits --Growing of pome fruits and stone fruits
[6] Growing of other tree and bush fruits and nuts --Growing of other tree and bush fruits and nuts
[7] Growing of beverage crops --Growing of beverage crops
[8] Growing of spices, aromatic, drug and pharmaceutical crops --Growing of spices, aromatic, drug and pharmaceutical crops
+ ... omitted several edges
V(nace2_net) # The vertices of the "nace2_net" object
+ 597/597 vertices, named, from 985ff32:
[1] Growing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops and oil seeds
[2] Growing of vegetables and melons, roots and tubers
[3] Growing of other non-perennial crops
[4] Growing of grapes
[5] Growing of pome fruits and stone fruits
[6] Growing of other tree and bush fruits and nuts
[7] Growing of beverage crops
[8] Growing of spices, aromatic, drug and pharmaceutical crops
[9] Growing of other perennial crops
[10] Plant propagation
+ ... omitted several vertices
The proportion of present edges from all possible edges in the network.
edge_density(nace2_net, loops=F)
[1] 0.1566614
The proportion of reciprocated ties.
reciprocity(nace2_net)
[1] 1
Trasitivity (clustering): measures that probability that adjacent nodes of a network are connected. In other words, if i is connected to j, and j is connected to k, what is the probability that i is also connected to k?
transitivity(nace2_net, type="global") # net is treated as an undirected network
[1] 0.3600216
Diameter (length of the shortest path between two nodes) in the network, get_diameter() returns the nodes along the first found path of that distance.
diameter(nace2_net, directed=F, weights=NA)
[1] 5
get_diameter(nace2_net, directed=F, weights=NA)
+ 6/597 vertices, named, from 985ff32:
[1] Hunting, trapping and related service activities Silviculture and other forestry activities
[3] Growing of vegetables and melons, roots and tubers Warehousing and storage
[5] Manufacture of other outerwear Manufacture of other knitted and crocheted apparel
Node degrees: the number of adjacent edges to each node.
deg <- degree(nace2_net, mode="all")
# Ocuppations with higher incoming/outgoing flows
print (sort(deg)[1:10])
Growing of beverage crops Mining of other non-ferrous metal ores
2 2
Manufacture of other non-distilled fermented beverages Manufacture of essential oils
2 2
Manufacture of non-electric domestic appliances Mining of iron ores
2 3
Manufacture of articles of fur Striking of coins
3 3
Hunting, trapping and related service activities Marine aquaculture
4 4
# Ocuppations with lowest incoming/outgoing flows
print (sort(-deg)[1:10])
Activities of head offices
-398
Manufacture of other plastic products
-327
Wholesale of other machinery and equipment
-316
Agents involved in the sale of a variety of goods
-293
Non-specialised wholesale trade
-293
Manufacture of metal structures and parts of structures
-288
Engineering activities and related technical consultancy
-287
Agents involved in the sale of machinery, industrial equipment, ships and aircraft
-283
Manufacture of plastic plates, sheets, tubes and profiles
-274
Manufacture of other special-purpose machinery n.e.c.
-270
hist(deg, main="Network Node degree",xbins=100,breaks=50)
Degree distribution
deg.dist <- degree_distribution(nace2_net, cumulative=T, mode="all")
plot( x=0:max(deg), y=1-deg.dist, pch=19, cex=1.2, col="orange", xlab="Degree", ylab="Cumulative Frequency")
Strength is a weighted measure of degree that takes into account the number of edges that go from one node to another.
In this example we use the mode “out”, showing the number of job changes leaving the occupation.
sort(strength(nace2_net,mode="out"))[1:5]
Growing of beverage crops Mining of other non-ferrous metal ores
2 2
Manufacture of other non-distilled fermented beverages Manufacture of essential oils
2 2
Manufacture of non-electric domestic appliances
2
sort(-strength(nace2_net))[1:5]
Activities of head offices Manufacture of other plastic products
-398 -327
Wholesale of other machinery and equipment Agents involved in the sale of a variety of goods
-316 -293
Non-specialised wholesale trade
-293
hist(centr_degree(nace2_net, mode="in", normalized=T)$res, main='Centrality',xlab="Node Centrality",breaks=50)
Eigenvector (centrality proportional to the sum of connection centralities), is a measure of being well-connected connected to the well-connected. Values of the first eigenvector of the graph matrix.
hist(centr_eigen(nace2_net, directed=T, normalized=T)$vector, main='Eigenvector Centrality',xlab="Node Eigenvector Centrality",breaks=50)
Closeness (centrality based on distance to others in the graph), measures how many steps are required to access every other node from a given node. It’s a measure of how long information takes to arrive. Higher values mean less centrality. Inverse of the node’s average geodesic distance to others in the network.
centr_clo(nace2_net, mode="all", normalized=T)
At centrality.c:2784 :closeness centrality is not well-defined for disconnected graphs
$res
[1] 0.139089848 0.141065089 0.136135222 0.139415205 0.136540664 0.132828170 0.001675042 0.130301705 0.126164268 0.140301318 0.141165324
[12] 0.137644342 0.138733706 0.134083240 0.138798323 0.141065089 0.135208711 0.144205178 0.143062890 0.141736029 0.135362253 0.141534077
[23] 0.125289048 0.140004698 0.137707948 0.142583732 0.131712707 0.128227194 0.125818028 0.135055518 0.140865044 0.139382601 0.138411519
[34] 0.135855938 0.126646834 0.001675042 0.141232227 0.141668647 0.140433553 0.134750170 0.137517305 0.132739421 0.142720307 0.139415205
[45] 0.142857143 0.142277393 0.144414829 0.142345355 0.141165324 0.142651987 0.144730452 0.141366224 0.134294727 0.146150074 0.141165324
[56] 0.142617851 0.138540214 0.145118091 0.143926588 0.140632374 0.139154798 0.145792564 0.141803474 0.142891393 0.142345355 0.141399763
[67] 0.144625091 0.143062890 0.143062890 0.140798488 0.140037594 0.129340278 0.001675042 0.144065748 0.131017806 0.144135429 0.141870983
[78] 0.141972368 0.141736029 0.144100580 0.140731995 0.143028558 0.141299194 0.135516144 0.137612561 0.142515543 0.139578454 0.128337640
[89] 0.139284880 0.142549629 0.139252336 0.141366224 0.126889504 0.135917902 0.125818028 0.138283063 0.142141665 0.142345355 0.145153434
[100] 0.144100580 0.132621273 0.142959942 0.143545279 0.143338143 0.138540214 0.145472297 0.145012165 0.143165986 0.141938557 0.135393003
[111] 0.142141665 0.140998344 0.145224172 0.142311366 0.141366224 0.141198768 0.134324994 0.143683703 0.142073897 0.140367405 0.143753015
[122] 0.144414829 0.136917069 0.145188794 0.135516144 0.140466651 0.144695314 0.144205178 0.144730452 0.138475836 0.142040038 0.001675042
[133] 0.146150074 0.143097239 0.141803474 0.144765606 0.143441637 0.145543346 0.146906581 0.145971100 0.144379845 0.148295596 0.141500475
[144] 0.143200384 0.143822394 0.140765234 0.142651987 0.141769743 0.140798488 0.143165986 0.140865044 0.139447824 0.129480773 0.141332701
[155] 0.129706202 0.141634981 0.125473684 0.144660194 0.139089848 0.141065089 0.137390503 0.137962963 0.141232227 0.142209497 0.141399763
[166] 0.143338143 0.145294978 0.144274994 0.138122827 0.134324994 0.138895362 0.140433553 0.141904762 0.144309927 0.139057396 0.138733706
[177] 0.140798488 0.136854191 0.143926588 0.140998344 0.143303679 0.135979922 0.147415286 0.143476168 0.140334354 0.142481473 0.140334354
[188] 0.141232227 0.142413381 0.147817460 0.145721271 0.140898345 0.144906394 0.143545279 0.140466651 0.142141665 0.142345355 0.141870983
[199] 0.146725751 0.146221786 0.142107773 0.142959942 0.143787696 0.142447419 0.146078431 0.136290876 0.141769743 0.144065748 0.139643861
[210] 0.145472297 0.143787696 0.142925659 0.132917038 0.143822394 0.142243437 0.145224172 0.143407122 0.001675042 0.145330407 0.143857108
[221] 0.144135429 0.144695314 0.143787696 0.146150074 0.143753015 0.145756909 0.142107773 0.141466888 0.143857108 0.146581407 0.144554936
[232] 0.143649072 0.141938557 0.142073897 0.144484848 0.144065748 0.143579860 0.141466888 0.142379360 0.146725751 0.143753015 0.143131604
[243] 0.141736029 0.146761881 0.142891393 0.140599198 0.143234799 0.144240077 0.139938953 0.138154845 0.141702330 0.138960131 0.144554936
[254] 0.142040038 0.141634981 0.143372624 0.128392934 0.140698772 0.131219727 0.138992537 0.142040038 0.142925659 0.145472297 0.140566038
[265] 0.145971100 0.141500475 0.147160494 0.141702330 0.141098485 0.141366224 0.138669148 0.142073897 0.141837220 0.146185921 0.145082765
[276] 0.140103432 0.143822394 0.140698772 0.143165986 0.142277393 0.141634981 0.142959942 0.143131604 0.144660194 0.144660194 0.138250986
[287] 0.145224172 0.141265703 0.140765234 0.145863926 0.139774859 0.142515543 0.144660194 0.142481473 0.141500475 0.138475836 0.144170295
[298] 0.140433553 0.139611150 0.142311366 0.143891840 0.141433318 0.140301318 0.148295596 0.147015294 0.144906394 0.140998344 0.144765606
[309] 0.144135429 0.144871172 0.141232227 0.146437346 0.144800777 0.140466651 0.140400471 0.143996134 0.144170295 0.141870983 0.142651987
[320] 0.143407122 0.144906394 0.145472297 0.147488245 0.146042637 0.143579860 0.145259566 0.146473335 0.149074537 0.145047457 0.142006195
[331] 0.138992537 0.136290876 0.144835966 0.143028558 0.142788692 0.145365854 0.142720307 0.143476168 0.143407122 0.144484848 0.145153434
[342] 0.143614458 0.144309927 0.145792564 0.144100580 0.142754491 0.144170295 0.143683703 0.141736029 0.147927525 0.143234799 0.143407122
[353] 0.143028558 0.142583732 0.143165986 0.133932584 0.140532893 0.141668647 0.148851149 0.144030933 0.145614464 0.145935357 0.146473335
[364] 0.145756909 0.142040038 0.143891840 0.148888334 0.145153434 0.145650049 0.141232227 0.137295554 0.137232328 0.141601330 0.144309927
[375] 0.137676138 0.143857108 0.145330407 0.144274994 0.143372624 0.144660194 0.142311366 0.146329487 0.140865044 0.143996134 0.146761881
[386] 0.143303679 0.143787696 0.137580794 0.144309927 0.142857143 0.144835966 0.142857143 0.142891393 0.141065089 0.143545279 0.142959942
[397] 0.143303679 0.145118091 0.145118091 0.139382601 0.132326821 0.126916525 0.148037755 0.145224172 0.138830655 0.139643861 0.141837220
[408] 0.143891840 0.141131897 0.145118091 0.141366224 0.138475836 0.138604651 0.143165986 0.135024921 0.135701275 0.142959942 0.132004430
[419] 0.146761881 0.141938557 0.141736029 0.143303679 0.143649072 0.147087858 0.138315154 0.143165986 0.143822394 0.140532893 0.141500475
[430] 0.134537246 0.143718351 0.139545774 0.143407122 0.140037594 0.143649072 0.139709330 0.141972368 0.142925659 0.141399763 0.136948529
[441] 0.142175573 0.141837220 0.136010954 0.141131897 0.140632374 0.142006195 0.139676588 0.140964995 0.141837220 0.140532893 0.134750170
[452] 0.143269231 0.145224172 0.144344878 0.143926588 0.144205178 0.142209497 0.142277393 0.141131897 0.145899633 0.135116754 0.144065748
[463] 0.145472297 0.137042998 0.141131897 0.138090825 0.140169332 0.136885622 0.139252336 0.135732179 0.134963768 0.135763098 0.136603255
[474] 0.141634981 0.139578454 0.140532893 0.138090825 0.136384439 0.142822909 0.144695314 0.143338143 0.144240077 0.142994242 0.147051567
[485] 0.151000760 0.142686138 0.147051567 0.143579860 0.147817460 0.147305981 0.142788692 0.145330407 0.137580794 0.146979038 0.142006195
[496] 0.144625091 0.143028558 0.143407122 0.141534077 0.145294978 0.143338143 0.144379845 0.141299194 0.135178045 0.140202305 0.146401376
[507] 0.140037594 0.142481473 0.136603255 0.138283063 0.130615823 0.145153434 0.142345355 0.142686138 0.141567696 0.141702330 0.146185921
[518] 0.140964995 0.141098485 0.144344878 0.146114244 0.145543346 0.144205178 0.145578896 0.143718351 0.141601330 0.147087858 0.145224172
[529] 0.143303679 0.146150074 0.147415286 0.144590005 0.139317438 0.142788692 0.138992537 0.142686138 0.141065089 0.141098485 0.140400471
[540] 0.140499764 0.133273703 0.132444444 0.135147392 0.142141665 0.138830655 0.145082765 0.141098485 0.135270086 0.142481473 0.144695314
[551] 0.138701420 0.142006195 0.132326821 0.139122316 0.141131897 0.141466888 0.136073059 0.131829241 0.136540664 0.133482643 0.135794031
[562] 0.131741821 0.140831758 0.137263934 0.141702330 0.142040038 0.141198768 0.138315154 0.141702330 0.136854191 0.140202305 0.144800777
[573] 0.143303679 0.142959942 0.142720307 0.140334354 0.143407122 0.142583732 0.143822394 0.142891393 0.141332701 0.139057396 0.137106050
[584] 0.144274994 0.142651987 0.139089848 0.142345355 0.142617851 0.135639508 0.135886913 0.128976412 0.142651987 0.146437346 0.145012165
[595] 0.142073897 0.142006195 0.147488245
$centralization
[1] 0.02144741
$theoretical_max
[1] 297.7498
hist(centr_clo(nace2_net, mode="all", normalized=T)$res, main='Centrality scores',xlab="The node-level centrality scores.",breaks=100)
At centrality.c:2784 :closeness centrality is not well-defined for disconnected graphs
# All centralisation types
centr_degree(nace2_net)$centralization
[1] 0.5111239
centr_clo(nace2_net, mode = "all")$centralization
At centrality.c:2784 :closeness centrality is not well-defined for disconnected graphs
[1] 0.02144741
centr_betw(nace2_net, directed = FALSE)$centralization
[1] 0.05277185
centr_eigen(nace2_net, directed = FALSE)$centralization
[1] 0.7674915
dg <- decompose.graph(nace2_net) # returns a list of three graphs
dg[[2]]
IGRAPH 7683812 UN-- 1 2 --
+ attr: name (v/c), SRt (e/n)
+ edges from 7683812 (vertex names):
[1] Growing of beverage crops--Growing of beverage crops Growing of beverage crops--Growing of beverage crops
dg[[3]]
IGRAPH e9e0fa3 UN-- 1 2 --
+ attr: name (v/c), SRt (e/n)
+ edges from e9e0fa3 (vertex names):
[1] Mining of other non-ferrous metal ores--Mining of other non-ferrous metal ores
[2] Mining of other non-ferrous metal ores--Mining of other non-ferrous metal ores
dg[[4]]
IGRAPH 5d82903 UN-- 1 2 --
+ attr: name (v/c), SRt (e/n)
+ edges from 5d82903 (vertex names):
[1] Manufacture of other non-distilled fermented beverages--Manufacture of other non-distilled fermented beverages
[2] Manufacture of other non-distilled fermented beverages--Manufacture of other non-distilled fermented beverages
dg[[5]]
IGRAPH 881a5b5 UN-- 1 2 --
+ attr: name (v/c), SRt (e/n)
+ edges from 881a5b5 (vertex names):
[1] Manufacture of essential oils--Manufacture of essential oils Manufacture of essential oils--Manufacture of essential oils
dg[[6]]
IGRAPH 06c20d9 UN-- 1 2 --
+ attr: name (v/c), SRt (e/n)
+ edges from 06c20d9 (vertex names):
[1] Manufacture of non-electric domestic appliances--Manufacture of non-electric domestic appliances
[2] Manufacture of non-electric domestic appliances--Manufacture of non-electric domestic appliances
nace2_net_noself <- simplify(dg[[1]],remove.multiple = FALSE)
[1] 0
number of items to replace is not a multiple of replacement length
[1] "Growing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops and oil seeds"
[2] "Growing of vegetables and melons, roots and tubers"
[3] "Growing of other non-perennial crops"
[4] "Growing of grapes"
[5] "Growing of pome fruits and stone fruits"
[6] "Growing of other tree and bush fruits and nuts"
[7] "Growing of spices, aromatic, drug and pharmaceutical crops"
[8] "Growing of other perennial crops"
[9] "Plant propagation"
[10] "Raising of dairy cattle"
[11] "Raising of other cattle and buffaloes"
[12] "Raising of horses and other equines"
[13] "Raising of sheep and goats"
[14] "Raising of swine/pigs"
[15] "Raising of poultry"
[16] "Raising of other animals"
[17] "Mixed farming"
[18] "Support activities for animal production"
[19] "Post-harvest crop activities"
[20] "Seed processing for propagation"
[21] "Marine fishing"
[22] "Freshwater fishing"
[23] "Marine aquaculture"
[24] "Freshwater aquaculture"
[25] "Extraction of peat"
[26] "Processing and preserving of meat"
[27] "Processing and preserving of poultry meat"
[28] "Production of meat and poultry meat products"
[29] "Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs"
[30] "Processing and preserving of potatoes"
[31] "Manufacture of fruit and vegetable juice"
[32] "Other processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables"
[33] "Manufacture of oils and fats"
[34] "Manufacture of margarine and similar edible fats"
[35] "Operation of dairies and cheese making"
[36] "Manufacture of ice cream"
[37] "Manufacture of grain mill products"
[38] "Manufacture of starches and starch products"
[39] "Manufacture of bread; manufacture of fresh pastry goods and cakes"
[40] "Manufacture of rusks and biscuits; manufacture of preserved pastry goods and cakes"
[41] "Manufacture of macaroni, noodles, couscous and similar farinaceous products"
[42] "Manufacture of sugar"
[43] "Manufacture of cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery"
[44] "Processing of tea and coffee"
[45] "Manufacture of condiments and seasonings"
[46] "Manufacture of prepared meals and dishes"
[47] "Manufacture of homogenised food preparations and dietetic food"
[48] "Manufacture of other food products n.e.c."
[49] "Manufacture of prepared feeds for farm animals"
[50] "Manufacture of prepared pet foods"
[51] "Distilling, rectifying and blending of spirits"
[52] "Manufacture of wine from grape"
[53] "Manufacture of cider and other fruit wines"
[54] "Manufacture of beer"
[55] "Manufacture of malt"
[56] "Manufacture of soft drinks; production of mineral waters and other bottled waters"
[57] "Manufacture of tobacco products"
[58] "Agents involved in the sale of agricultural raw materials, live animals, textile raw materials and semi-finished goods"
[59] "Agents involved in the sale of food, beverages and tobacco"
[60] "Wholesale of grain, unmanufactured tobacco, seeds and animal feeds"
[61] "Wholesale of flowers and plants"
[62] "Wholesale of live animals"
[63] "Wholesale of hides, skins and leather"
[64] "Wholesale of fruit and vegetables"
[65] "Wholesale of meat and meat products"
[66] "Wholesale of dairy products, eggs and edible oils and fats"
[67] "Wholesale of beverages"
[68] "Wholesale of tobacco products"
[69] "Wholesale of sugar and chocolate and sugar confectionery"
[70] "Wholesale of coffee, tea, cocoa and spices"
[71] "Wholesale of other food, including fish, crustaceans and molluscs"
[72] "Non-specialised wholesale of food, beverages and tobacco"
[73] "Retail sale in non-specialised stores with food, beverages or tobacco predominating"
[74] "Retail sale of fruit and vegetables in specialised stores"
[75] "Retail sale of meat and meat products in specialised stores"
[76] "Retail sale of fish, crustaceans and molluscs in specialised stores"
[77] "Retail sale of bread, cakes, flour confectionery and sugar confectionery in specialised stores"
[78] "Retail sale of beverages in specialised stores"
[79] "Retail sale of tobacco products in specialised stores"
[80] "Other retail sale of food in specialised stores"
[81] "Retail sale of automotive fuel in specialised stores"
[82] "Retail sale of flowers, plants, seeds, fertilisers, pet animals and pet food in specialised stores"
[83] "Retail sale via stalls and markets of food, beverages and tobacco products"
[84] "Retail sale via stalls and markets of other goods"
[85] "Other retail sale not in stores, stalls or markets"
[86] "Inland passenger water transport"
[87] "Warehousing and storage"
[88] "Other postal and courier activities"
[89] "Hotels and similar accommodation"
[90] "Camping grounds, recreational vehicle parks and trailer parks"
[91] "Restaurants and mobile food service activities"
[92] "Event catering activities"
[93] "Other food service activities"
[94] "Beverage serving activities"
[95] "Renting and leasing of recreational and sports goods"
[96] "Renting and leasing of water transport equipment"
[97] "Private security activities"
[98] "Investigation activities"
[99] "General cleaning of buildings"
[100] "Packaging activities"
[101] "Botanical and zoological gardens and nature reserves activities"
[102] "Gambling and betting activities"
[103] "Operation of sports facilities"
[104] "Activities of amusement parks and theme parks"
[105] "Washing and (dry-)cleaning of textile and fur products"
[106] "Physical well-being activities"
[1] 0.2470588
[1] "Support activities for crop production"
[2] "Hunting, trapping and related service activities"
[3] "Silviculture and other forestry activities"
[4] "Logging"
[5] "Support services to forestry"
[6] "Mining of hard coal"
[7] "Mining of lignite"
[8] "Extraction of crude petroleum"
[9] "Extraction of natural gas"
[10] "Mining of iron ores"
[11] "Quarrying of ornamental and building stone, limestone, gypsum, chalk and slate"
[12] "Operation of gravel and sand pits; mining of clays and kaolin"
[13] "Mining of chemical and fertiliser minerals"
[14] "Extraction of salt"
[15] "Other mining and quarrying n.e.c."
[16] "Support activities for petroleum and natural gas extraction"
[17] "Support activities for other mining and quarrying"
[18] "Manufacture of articles of fur"
[19] "Sawmilling and planing of wood"
[20] "Manufacture of veneer sheets and wood-based panels"
[21] "Manufacture of assembled parquet floors"
[22] "Manufacture of other builders' carpentry and joinery"
[23] "Manufacture of wooden containers"
[24] "Manufacture of other products of wood; manufacture of articles of cork, straw and plaiting materials"
[25] "Manufacture of pulp"
[26] "Manufacture of coke oven products"
[27] "Manufacture of fertilisers and nitrogen compounds"
[28] "Manufacture of ceramic tiles and flags"
[29] "Manufacture of bricks, tiles and construction products, in baked clay"
[30] "Manufacture of cement"
[31] "Manufacture of lime and plaster"
[32] "Manufacture of concrete products for construction purposes"
[33] "Manufacture of plaster products for construction purposes"
[34] "Manufacture of ready-mixed concrete"
[35] "Manufacture of mortars"
[36] "Manufacture of fibre cement"
[37] "Manufacture of other articles of concrete, plaster and cement"
[38] "Cutting, shaping and finishing of stone"
[39] "Building of pleasure and sporting boats"
[40] "Manufacture of kitchen furniture"
[41] "Manufacture of other furniture"
[42] "Striking of coins"
[43] "Repair of machinery"
[44] "Repair and maintenance of ships and boats"
[45] "Repair of other equipment"
[46] "Production of electricity"
[47] "Transmission of electricity"
[48] "Distribution of electricity"
[49] "Manufacture of gas"
[50] "Distribution of gaseous fuels through mains"
[51] "Trade of gas through mains"
[52] "Steam and air conditioning supply"
[53] "Water collection, treatment and supply"
[54] "Sewerage"
[55] "Collection of non-hazardous waste"
[56] "Collection of hazardous waste"
[57] "Treatment and disposal of non-hazardous waste"
[58] "Treatment and disposal of hazardous waste"
[59] "Dismantling of wrecks"
[60] "Recovery of sorted materials"
[61] "Remediation activities and other waste management services"
[62] "Development of building projects"
[63] "Construction of residential and non-residential buildings"
[64] "Construction of roads and motorways"
[65] "Construction of railways and underground railways"
[66] "Construction of bridges and tunnels"
[67] "Construction of utility projects for fluids"
[68] "Construction of utility projects for electricity and telecommunications"
[69] "Construction of water projects"
[70] "Construction of other civil engineering projects n.e.c."
[71] "Demolition"
[72] "Site preparation"
[73] "Test drilling and boring"
[74] "Electrical installation"
[75] "Plumbing, heat and air-conditioning installation"
[76] "Other construction installation"
[77] "Plastering"
[78] "Joinery installation"
[79] "Floor and wall covering"
[80] "Painting and glazing"
[81] "Other building completion and finishing"
[82] "Roofing activities"
[83] "Other specialised construction activities n.e.c."
[84] "Sale of cars and light motor vehicles"
[85] "Sale of other motor vehicles"
[86] "Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles"
[87] "Retail trade of motor vehicle parts and accessories"
[88] "Agents involved in the sale of timber and building materials"
[89] "Wholesale of agricultural machinery, equipment and supplies"
[90] "Wholesale of mining, construction and civil engineering machinery"
[91] "Wholesale of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and related products"
[92] "Wholesale of wood, construction materials and sanitary equipment"
[93] "Wholesale of waste and scrap"
[94] "Retail sale of hardware, paints and glass in specialised stores"
[95] "Freight rail transport"
[96] "Urban and suburban passenger land transport"
[97] "Taxi operation"
[98] "Other passenger land transport n.e.c."
[99] "Freight transport by road"
[100] "Removal services"
[101] "Transport via pipeline"
[102] "Inland freight water transport"
[103] "Service activities incidental to land transportation"
[104] "Service activities incidental to water transportation"
[105] "Cargo handling"
[106] "Other transportation support activities"
[107] "Postal activities under universal service obligation"
[108] "Architectural activities"
[109] "Renting and leasing of trucks"
[110] "Renting and leasing of other personal and household goods"
[111] "Renting and leasing of agricultural machinery and equipment"
[112] "Renting and leasing of construction and civil engineering machinery and equipment"
[113] "Renting and leasing of other machinery, equipment and tangible goods n.e.c."
[114] "Security systems service activities"
[115] "Combined facilities support activities"
[116] "Other building and industrial cleaning activities"
[117] "Other cleaning activities"
[118] "Landscape service activities"
[119] "Regulation of and contribution to more efficient operation of businesses"
[120] "Repair of furniture and home furnishings"
[121] "Funeral and related activities"
[1] 0.2474227
[1] "Preparation and spinning of textile fibres"
[2] "Manufacture of cordage, rope, twine and netting"
[3] "Manufacture of non-wovens and articles made from non-wovens, except apparel"
[4] "Tanning and dressing of leather; dressing and dyeing of fur"
[5] "Manufacture of paper and paperboard"
[6] "Manufacture of corrugated paper and paperboard and of containers of paper and paperboard"
[7] "Manufacture of household and sanitary goods and of toilet requisites"
[8] "Manufacture of paper stationery"
[9] "Manufacture of wallpaper"
[10] "Manufacture of other articles of paper and paperboard"
[11] "Manufacture of refined petroleum products"
[12] "Manufacture of industrial gases"
[13] "Manufacture of dyes and pigments"
[14] "Manufacture of other inorganic basic chemicals"
[15] "Manufacture of other organic basic chemicals"
[16] "Manufacture of plastics in primary forms"
[17] "Manufacture of synthetic rubber in primary forms"
[18] "Manufacture of pesticides and other agrochemical products"
[19] "Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar coatings, printing ink and mastics"
[20] "Manufacture of soap and detergents, cleaning and polishing preparations"
[21] "Manufacture of perfumes and toilet preparations"
[22] "Manufacture of explosives"
[23] "Manufacture of glues"
[24] "Manufacture of other chemical products n.e.c."
[25] "Manufacture of man-made fibres"
[26] "Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products"
[27] "Manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations"
[28] "Manufacture of rubber tyres and tubes; retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres"
[29] "Manufacture of other rubber products"
[30] "Manufacture of plastic plates, sheets, tubes and profiles"
[31] "Manufacture of plastic packing goods"
[32] "Manufacture of builders’ ware of plastic"
[33] "Manufacture of other plastic products"
[34] "Manufacture of flat glass"
[35] "Shaping and processing of flat glass"
[36] "Manufacture of hollow glass"
[37] "Manufacture of glass fibres"
[38] "Manufacture and processing of other glass, including technical glassware"
[39] "Manufacture of refractory products"
[40] "Manufacture of ceramic household and ornamental articles"
[41] "Manufacture of ceramic sanitary fixtures"
[42] "Manufacture of ceramic insulators and insulating fittings"
[43] "Manufacture of other technical ceramic products"
[44] "Manufacture of other ceramic products"
[45] "Production of abrasive products"
[46] "Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products n.e.c."
[47] "Manufacture of basic iron and steel and of ferro-alloys"
[48] "Manufacture of tubes, pipes, hollow profiles and related fittings, of steel"
[49] "Cold drawing of bars"
[50] "Cold rolling of narrow strip"
[51] "Cold forming or folding"
[52] "Cold drawing of wire"
[53] "Precious metals production"
[54] "Aluminium production"
[55] "Lead, zinc and tin production"
[56] "Copper production"
[57] "Other non-ferrous metal production"
[58] "Processing of nuclear fuel"
[59] "Casting of iron"
[60] "Casting of steel"
[61] "Casting of light metals"
[62] "Casting of other non-ferrous metals"
[63] "Manufacture of metal structures and parts of structures"
[64] "Manufacture of doors and windows of metal"
[65] "Manufacture of central heating radiators and boilers"
[66] "Manufacture of other tanks, reservoirs and containers of metal"
[67] "Manufacture of steam generators, except central heating hot water boilers"
[68] "Manufacture of weapons and ammunition"
[69] "Forging, pressing, stamping and roll-forming of metal; powder metallurgy"
[70] "Treatment and coating of metals"
[71] "Machining"
[72] "Manufacture of cutlery"
[73] "Manufacture of locks and hinges"
[74] "Manufacture of tools"
[75] "Manufacture of steel drums and similar containers"
[76] "Manufacture of light metal packaging"
[77] "Manufacture of wire products, chain and springs"
[78] "Manufacture of fasteners and screw machine products"
[79] "Manufacture of other fabricated metal products n.e.c."
[80] "Manufacture of electronic components"
[81] "Manufacture of loaded electronic boards"
[82] "Manufacture of consumer electronics"
[83] "Manufacture of instruments and appliances for measuring, testing and navigation"
[84] "Manufacture of watches and clocks"
[85] "Manufacture of irradiation, electromedical and electrotherapeutic equipment"
[86] "Manufacture of optical instruments and photographic equipment"
[87] "Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers"
[88] "Manufacture of electricity distribution and control apparatus"
[89] "Manufacture of batteries and accumulators"
[90] "Manufacture of fibre optic cables"
[91] "Manufacture of other electronic and electric wires and cables"
[92] "Manufacture of wiring devices"
[93] "Manufacture of electric lighting equipment"
[94] "Manufacture of electric domestic appliances"
[95] "Manufacture of other electrical equipment"
[96] "Manufacture of engines and turbines, except aircraft, vehicle and cycle engines"
[97] "Manufacture of fluid power equipment"
[98] "Manufacture of other pumps and compressors"
[99] "Manufacture of other taps and valves"
[100] "Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements"
[101] "Manufacture of ovens, furnaces and furnace burners"
[102] "Manufacture of lifting and handling equipment"
[103] "Manufacture of office machinery and equipment (except computers and peripheral equipment)"
[104] "Manufacture of power-driven hand tools"
[105] "Manufacture of non-domestic cooling and ventilation equipment"
[106] "Manufacture of other general-purpose machinery n.e.c."
[107] "Manufacture of agricultural and forestry machinery"
[108] "Manufacture of metal forming machinery"
[109] "Manufacture of other machine tools"
[110] "Manufacture of machinery for metallurgy"
[111] "Manufacture of machinery for mining, quarrying and construction"
[112] "Manufacture of machinery for food, beverage and tobacco processing"
[113] "Manufacture of machinery for textile, apparel and leather production"
[114] "Manufacture of machinery for paper and paperboard production"
[115] "Manufacture of plastics and rubber machinery"
[116] "Manufacture of other special-purpose machinery n.e.c."
[117] "Manufacture of motor vehicles"
[118] "Manufacture of bodies (coachwork) for motor vehicles; manufacture of trailers and semi-trailers"
[119] "Manufacture of electrical and electronic equipment for motor vehicles"
[120] "Manufacture of other parts and accessories for motor vehicles"
[121] "Building of ships and floating structures"
[122] "Manufacture of railway locomotives and rolling stock"
[123] "Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery"
[124] "Manufacture of military fighting vehicles"
[125] "Manufacture of motorcycles"
[126] "Manufacture of bicycles and invalid carriages"
[127] "Manufacture of other transport equipment n.e.c."
[128] "Manufacture of office and shop furniture"
[129] "Manufacture of jewellery and related articles"
[130] "Manufacture of imitation jewellery and related articles"
[131] "Manufacture of musical instruments"
[132] "Manufacture of sports goods"
[133] "Manufacture of games and toys"
[134] "Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies"
[135] "Manufacture of brooms and brushes"
[136] "Other manufacturing n.e.c."
[137] "Repair of fabricated metal products"
[138] "Repair of electronic and optical equipment"
[139] "Repair of electrical equipment"
[140] "Repair and maintenance of aircraft and spacecraft"
[141] "Repair and maintenance of other transport equipment"
[142] "Installation of industrial machinery and equipment"
[143] "Wholesale trade of motor vehicle parts and accessories"
[144] "Agents involved in the sale of fuels, ores, metals and industrial chemicals"
[145] "Agents involved in the sale of machinery, industrial equipment, ships and aircraft"
[146] "Agents involved in the sale of furniture, household goods, hardware and ironmongery"
[147] "Wholesale of machine tools"
[148] "Wholesale of machinery for the textile industry and of sewing and knitting machines"
[149] "Wholesale of other machinery and equipment"
[150] "Wholesale of metals and metal ores"
[151] "Wholesale of hardware, plumbing and heating equipment and supplies"
[152] "Wholesale of chemical products"
[153] "Engineering activities and related technical consultancy"
[154] "Technical testing and analysis"
[155] "Research and experimental development on biotechnology"
[156] "Other research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering"
[1] 0.2786885
[1] "Weaving of textiles"
[2] "Finishing of textiles"
[3] "Manufacture of knitted and crocheted fabrics"
[4] "Manufacture of made-up textile articles, except apparel"
[5] "Manufacture of carpets and rugs"
[6] "Manufacture of other technical and industrial textiles"
[7] "Manufacture of other textiles n.e.c."
[8] "Manufacture of leather clothes"
[9] "Manufacture of workwear"
[10] "Manufacture of other outerwear"
[11] "Manufacture of underwear"
[12] "Manufacture of other wearing apparel and accessories"
[13] "Manufacture of knitted and crocheted hosiery"
[14] "Manufacture of other knitted and crocheted apparel"
[15] "Manufacture of luggage, handbags and the like, saddlery and harness"
[16] "Manufacture of footwear"
[17] "Manufacture of mattresses"
[18] "Sale, maintenance and repair of motorcycles and related parts and accessories"
[19] "Agents involved in the sale of textiles, clothing, fur, footwear and leather goods"
[20] "Agents specialised in the sale of other particular products"
[21] "Agents involved in the sale of a variety of goods"
[22] "Wholesale of textiles"
[23] "Wholesale of clothing and footwear"
[24] "Wholesale of electrical household appliances"
[25] "Wholesale of china and glassware and cleaning materials"
[26] "Wholesale of perfume and cosmetics"
[27] "Wholesale of pharmaceutical goods"
[28] "Wholesale of furniture, carpets and lighting equipment"
[29] "Wholesale of watches and jewellery"
[30] "Wholesale of other household goods"
[31] "Wholesale of office furniture"
[32] "Wholesale of other office machinery and equipment"
[33] "Wholesale of other intermediate products"
[34] "Non-specialised wholesale trade"
[35] "Other retail sale in non-specialised stores"
[36] "Retail sale of audio and video equipment in specialised stores"
[37] "Retail sale of textiles in specialised stores"
[38] "Retail sale of carpets, rugs, wall and floor coverings in specialised stores"
[39] "Retail sale of electrical household appliances in specialised stores"
[40] "Retail sale of furniture, lighting equipment and other household articles in specialised stores"
[41] "Retail sale of books in specialised stores"
[42] "Retail sale of newspapers and stationery in specialised stores"
[43] "Retail sale of music and video recordings in specialised stores"
[44] "Retail sale of sporting equipment in specialised stores"
[45] "Retail sale of games and toys in specialised stores"
[46] "Retail sale of clothing in specialised stores"
[47] "Retail sale of footwear and leather goods in specialised stores"
[48] "Retail sale of medical and orthopaedic goods in specialised stores"
[49] "Retail sale of cosmetic and toilet articles in specialised stores"
[50] "Retail sale of watches and jewellery in specialised stores"
[51] "Other retail sale of new goods in specialised stores"
[52] "Retail sale of second-hand goods in stores"
[53] "Retail sale via stalls and markets of textiles, clothing and footwear"
[54] "Retail sale via mail order houses or via Internet"
[55] "Renting of video tapes and disks"
[56] "Repair of household appliances and home and garden equipment"
[57] "Repair of footwear and leather goods"
[58] "Repair of watches, clocks and jewellery"
[59] "Repair of other personal and household goods"
[60] "Hairdressing and other beauty treatment"
[1] 0.2765957
Error in cluster_louvain(subg4, subg5$SRt) : object 'subg5' not found
[1] \Printing of newspapers\
[2] \Other printing\
[3] \Pre-press and pre-media services\
[4] \Binding and related services\
[5] \Reproduction of recorded media\
[6] \Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment\
[7] \Manufacture of communication equipment\
[8] \Manufacture of magnetic and optical media\
[9] \Trade of electricity\
[10] \Wholesale of computers
rr all_nodes <- sort(node_list\(name) edge_list <- get.data.frame(nace2_net_noself, what = \edges\) %>% inner_join(node_list %>% select(name, community), by = c(\from\ = \name\)) %>% inner_join(node_list %>% select(name, community), by = c(\to\ = \name\)) %>% mutate(group = ifelse(community.x == community.y, community.x, NA) %>% factor()) edge_list_df <- (edge_list %>% arrange(community.y))\)name library(ggplot2) ggplot(data = edge_list, aes(x=from, y=to, fill=SRt)) + geom_tile() + scale_fill_gradient(low = , high = 4) +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(color = 20, size = 0.2, angle = 90, hjust = 1, vjust = .5, face = ), axis.text.y = element_text(color = 20, size = 0.2, angle = 0, hjust = 1, vjust = 0, face = ),
axis.title.x = element_text(color = 20, size =0.2, angle = 45, hjust = .5, vjust = 0, face = ), axis.title.y = element_text(color = 20, size = 0.2, angle = 45, hjust = .5, vjust = .5, face = ) )
pythonpython import pandas as pd top_nace2_df_p = pd.read_stata(../data/MR_04-17_EN_data_GermanySkillsMatrix/wz08.dta)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File \/var/folders/25/032mzw4j3tb9x7wv0t0q1tf08m0c_l/T/RtmpjczMA8/chunk-code-1d0cfda0e76.txt\, line 1, in <module>
import pandas as pd
ImportError: No module named pandas